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| ''' 含有章节索引的 *PUG 文章通用模板 ''' ::-- ["zuroc"] [[[DateTime(2008-01-23T08:30:45Z)]]] [[TableOfContents]] ## 默许导航,请保留 [[Include(CPUGnav)]] = ZSPY = ''用python抓取网络'' 代码见 https://zspy.googlecode.com == 第一天 == Pycurl http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/ 外部libcurl的接口,C写的,比urllib快,功能强.支持循环rewrite陷井的安全深度. 用于做网络爬虫,抓网页. 从 http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/download/ 下载 pycurl-ssl-7.16.4.win32-py2.5.exe 安装. |
代码见 http://zspy.googlecode.com 张沈鹏 [email protected] http://zsp.javaeye.com/ 2008-1-23 16:42 == PycURL == Pycurl http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/ 外部libcurl的接口,C写的,比urllib快,功能强.支持循环rewrite陷井的安全深度. 用于做网络爬虫,抓网页. 从 http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/download/ 下载 pycurl-ssl-7.16.4.win32-py2.5.exe 安装. |
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#像操作文件一样操作字符串,也可以from cStringIO import StringIO,性能应该会好一些 |
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| #像操作文件一样操作字符串 | |
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=== 文献 === ==== 1. PycURL简单学习 ==== http://blog.donews.com/limodou/archive/2005/11/28/641257.aspx PycURL 是一个C语言写的 libcurl 的 Python 绑定库。libcurl 是一个自由的，并且容易使用的用在客户端的 URL 传输库。它的功能很强大，在 PycURL 的主页上介绍的支持的功能有： supporting FTP, FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, GOPHER, TELNET, DICT, FILE and LDAP. libcurl supports HTTPS certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, kerberos, HTTP form based upload, proxies, cookies, user+password authentication, file transfer resume, http proxy tunneling and more! 那一大堆的协议已经让人惊喜了，特别是还有代理服务器和用户认证之类的功能。这个库相对于 urllib2 来说，它不是纯 Python 的，它是一个 C 库，但因此速度更快，但它不是很 pythonic ，学起来有些复杂。它在多种平台下都有移植，象 Linux , Mac, Windows, 和多种Unix。 我安装了一个，并且测试了一小段代码，是有些复杂，代码如下： |
然后看看多线程,http://pycurl.cvs.sourceforge.net/pycurl/pycurl/tests/ 有很多例子,还可做参考http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/doc/curlmultiobject.html 我自己改写了一个:) |
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| import pycurl c = pycurl.Curl() c.setopt(pycurl.URL, 'http://feeds.feedburner.com/solidot') import StringIO b = StringIO.StringIO() c.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, b.write) c.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1) c.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5) # c.setopt(pycurl.PROXY, 'http://11.11.11.11:8080') # c.setopt(pycurl.PROXYUSERPWD, 'aaa:aaa') c.perform() print b.getvalue() |
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import threading import pycurl from cStringIO import StringIO class UrlOpen(threading.Thread): """异步下载网页""" def __init__(self): super(UrlOpen,self).__init__() self.opener = pycurl.CurlMulti() self.handle_list=[] def add(self,url,recall,writer=StringIO()): """ 参数:网址,回调函数,存放临时数据的对象 """ c = pycurl.Curl() #可以传给回调函数 c.url=url c.content = writer c.recall = recall c.setopt(c.URL,url) c.setopt(c.WRITEFUNCTION,c.content.write) self.handle_list.append(c) self.opener.add_handle(c) def _remove(self,c): c.close() self.opener.remove_handle(c) self.handle_list.remove(c) def run(self): num_handle=len(self.handle_list) while 1: ret = self.opener.select(10.0) if ret == -1: continue while 1: num_handle_pre=num_handle ret, num_handle =self.opener.perform() #活动的连接数改变时 if num_handle!=num_handle_pre: result=self.opener.info_read() print result for i in result[1]: #成功 i.http_code = i.getinfo(i.HTTP_CODE) self._remove(i) i.recall(i) for i in result[2]: #失败,应该记录一下 self._remove(i) if ret != pycurl.E_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM: break _opener=None def urlopen(*arg,**key): global _opener if _opener is None: _opener=UrlOpen() _opener.add(*arg,**key) _opener.start() else: _opener.add(*arg,**key) def show(x): print x.content.getvalue() if __name__=="__main__": urlopen("http://www.baidu.com/",show) _opener.join() |
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| 上述代码将会把奇客(Solidot)的RSS抓下来。如果有代理服务器，那么修改一下注释的两行即可。在 PycURL 的主页上还有一个多线程抓取的例子，有兴趣的可以看一看。 ==== 2. python中的pycurl模块学习 ==== 文章作者：[email protected] 信息来源：邪恶八进制信息安全团队（www.eviloctal.com） 1、使用getinfo来获得更多的信息： |
又封装了一个异步打开网页的类和函数 |
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| #! /usr/bin/env python # vi:ts=4:et # $Id: test_getinfo.py,v 1.18 2003/05/01 19:35:01 mfx Exp $ # Author BY MSN:[email protected] import time |
#coding=utf-8 import threading from cStringIO import StringIO |
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## Callback function invoked when progress information is updated #下面的函数用来显示下载的进度： def progress(download_t, download_d, upload_t, upload_d): print "Total to download %d bytes, have %d bytes so far" % \ (download_t, download_d) url = "http://www.sohu.com/index.html" print "Starting downloading", url f = open("body.html", "wb") #新建一个文件并返回文件描述字,f用来保存返回的网页内容 h = open("header.txt", "wb")#h用来保存返回的包头header信息 i = open("info.txt","wb") #i用来保存getinfo()函数取回的信息 c = pycurl.Curl() c.setopt(c.URL, url) #设置要访问的网址 c.setopt(c.WRITEDATA, f) #将返回的网页内容写入f文件描述字 c.setopt(c.NOPROGRESS, 0) c.setopt(c.PROGRESSFUNCTION, progress)#调用过程函数 c.setopt(c.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1) c.setopt(c.MAXREDIRS, 5) c.setopt(c.WRITEHEADER, h)#将返回的包头header内容写入h文件描述字 c.setopt(c.OPT_FILETIME, 1) c.perform() #执行上述访问网址的操作 print "HTTP-code:", c.getinfo(c.HTTP_CODE) #Outputs:200 buf=c.getinfo(c.HTTP_CODE) i.write("HTTP-code:"+str(buf)) #将输出写入到i文件描述字中 print "Total-time:", c.getinfo(c.TOTAL_TIME) #下载总时间:0.795 buf=c.getinfo(c.TOTAL_TIME) i.write('\r\n') i.write("Total-time:"+str(buf)) print "Download speed: %.2f bytes/second" % c.getinfo(c.SPEED_DOWNLOAD) #下载速度:261032.00 bytes/second print "Document size: %d bytes" % c.getinfo(c.SIZE_DOWNLOAD) #下载文档的大小:207521 bytes print "Effective URL:", c.getinfo(c.EFFECTIVE_URL) #有效网址:http://www.sohu.com/index.html print "Content-type:", c.getinfo(c.CONTENT_TYPE) #text/html print "Namelookup-time:", c.getinfo(c.NAMELOOKUP_TIME) #DNS解析速度:0.065 print "Redirect-time:", c.getinfo(c.REDIRECT_TIME) #0.0 print "Redirect-count:", c.getinfo(c.REDIRECT_COUNT) #0 epoch = c.getinfo(c.INFO_FILETIME) print "Filetime: %d (%s)" % (epoch, time.ctime(epoch)) #文件下载时间:1172361818 (Sun Feb 25 08:03:38 2007) print "Header is in file 'header.txt', body is in file 'body.html'" c.close() f.close() h.close() |
""" Asyn open url Author:[email protected] 2008-1-25 17:14 """ class UrlOpen(threading.Thread): """异步下载网页""" def __init__(self,): super(UrlOpen,self).__init__() self.opener = pycurl.CurlMulti() self.handle_list=[] self.waiting=[] def add(self,url,recall,catch=None,writer=StringIO()): """ 参数:网址,回调函数,存放临时数据的对象 """ if catch is None: def catch(curl,error_no,desp): #print "Error:%s - %s"%(error_no,desp) pass c = pycurl.Curl() #可以传给回调函数 c.url=url c.content = writer c.recall = recall c.catch=catch c.setopt(c.URL, url.encode('utf-8') if type(url) is unicode else url ) c.setopt(c.WRITEFUNCTION,c.content.write) self.waiting.append(c) def _add(self): waiting=self.waiting[:] self.waiting=[] for c in waiting: self.handle_list.append(c) self.opener.add_handle(c) def _remove(self,c): c.close() self.opener.remove_handle(c) self.handle_list.remove(c) def run(self): import select import time num_handle=0 while 1: if self.handle_list: ret = self.opener.select(1.0) if ret >= 0: while 1: num_handle_pre=num_handle ret, num_handle =self.opener.perform() #活动的连接数改变时 if num_handle!=num_handle_pre: result=self.opener.info_read() for i in result[1]: #成功 i.http_code = i.getinfo(i.HTTP_CODE) self._remove(i) i.recall(i) for i in result[2]: #失败,应该记录一下,或回调失败函数 #i为(<pycurl.Curl object at 0x00C04C80>, 6, 'Could not resolve host: www.msn.com (Domain name not found)') i[0].catch(*i) self._remove(i[0]) if ret != pycurl.E_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM: break else: time.sleep(1) self._add() _opener=None def urlopen(*arg,**key): global _opener if _opener is None: _opener=UrlOpen() _opener.start() _opener.add(*arg,**key) if __name__=="__main__": def show(x): print x.content.getvalue() print '--'*11 urlopen("http://www.baidu.com/",show) urlopen("http://www.google.com/",show) urlopen("http://www.sougou.com/",show) urlopen("http://www.yodao.com/",show) urlopen("http://www.yahoo.com/",show) urlopen("http://www.msn.com/",show) _opener.join() |
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2、简单用法： {{{ #!python #!c:\python25\python # vi:ts=4:et # $Id: test_cb.py,v 1.14 2003/04/21 18:46:10 mfx Exp $ # Author BY MSN:[email protected] import sys import pycurl ## Callback function invoked when body data is ready def body(buf): # Print body data to stdout sys.stdout.write(buf) #将buf的内容输出到标准输出 ## Callback function invoked when header data is ready def header(buf): # Print header data to stderr sys.stdout.write(buf) c = pycurl.Curl() c.setopt(pycurl.URL, 'http://www.sohu.com/') #设置要访问的网址 c.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, body) #调用body()函数来输出返回的信息 c.setopt(pycurl.HEADERFUNCTION, header)#调用header()函数来输出返回的信息 c.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1) c.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5) c.perform() #执行上述访问网址的操作 c.close() }}} |
=== 相关文献 === * PycURL简单学习 http://blog.donews.com/limodou/archive/2005/11/28/641257.aspx * python中的pycurl模块学习 https://forum.eviloctal.com/read.php?tid=27337 |
代码见 http://zspy.googlecode.com
张沈鹏 [email protected] http://zsp.javaeye.com/
2008-1-23 16:42
1. PycURL
Pycurl http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/
外部libcurl的接口,C写的,比urllib快,功能强.支持循环rewrite陷井的安全深度. 用于做网络爬虫,抓网页.
从 http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/download/ 下载 pycurl-ssl-7.16.4.win32-py2.5.exe 安装.
参考文献1,测试代码
1 #像操作文件一样操作字符串,也可以from cStringIO import StringIO,性能应该会好一些
2 import StringIO
3
4 html = StringIO.StringIO()
5
6 import pycurl
7 c = pycurl.Curl()
8
9 c.setopt(pycurl.URL, 'http://www.baidu.com')
10
11 #写的回调
12 c.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, html.write)
13
14 c.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)
15
16 #最大重定向次数,可以预防重定向陷阱
17 c.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)
18
19 #访问,阻塞到访问结束
20 c.perform()
21
22 #打印出 200(HTTP状态码) http://www.baidu.com(生效的url)
23 print c.getinfo(pycurl.HTTP_CODE), c.getinfo(pycurl.EFFECTIVE_URL)
24
25 #输出百度首页的html
26 #print html.getvalue()
然后看看多线程,http://pycurl.cvs.sourceforge.net/pycurl/pycurl/tests/ 有很多例子,还可做参考http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/doc/curlmultiobject.html
我自己改写了一个:)
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 #coding=utf-8
3
4 import threading
5 import pycurl
6 from cStringIO import StringIO
7
8 class UrlOpen(threading.Thread):
9 """异步下载网页"""
10
11 def __init__(self):
12 super(UrlOpen,self).__init__()
13 self.opener = pycurl.CurlMulti()
14 self.handle_list=[]
15
16 def add(self,url,recall,writer=StringIO()):
17 """
18 参数:网址,回调函数,存放临时数据的对象
19 """
20 c = pycurl.Curl()
21
22 #可以传给回调函数
23 c.url=url
24 c.content = writer
25 c.recall = recall
26 c.setopt(c.URL,url)
27 c.setopt(c.WRITEFUNCTION,c.content.write)
28
29 self.handle_list.append(c)
30 self.opener.add_handle(c)
31
32 def _remove(self,c):
33 c.close()
34 self.opener.remove_handle(c)
35 self.handle_list.remove(c)
36
37
38 def run(self):
39 num_handle=len(self.handle_list)
40 while 1:
41 ret = self.opener.select(10.0)
42 if ret == -1: continue
43 while 1:
44 num_handle_pre=num_handle
45 ret, num_handle =self.opener.perform()
46 #活动的连接数改变时
47 if num_handle!=num_handle_pre:
48 result=self.opener.info_read()
49 print result
50 for i in result[1]:
51 #成功
52 i.http_code = i.getinfo(i.HTTP_CODE)
53 self._remove(i)
54 i.recall(i)
55 for i in result[2]:
56 #失败,应该记录一下
57 self._remove(i)
58
59 if ret != pycurl.E_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM:
60 break
61
62 _opener=None
63 def urlopen(*arg,**key):
64 global _opener
65 if _opener is None:
66 _opener=UrlOpen()
67 _opener.add(*arg,**key)
68 _opener.start()
69 else:
70 _opener.add(*arg,**key)
71
72 def show(x):
73 print x.content.getvalue()
74 if __name__=="__main__":
75 urlopen("http://www.baidu.com/",show)
76 _opener.join()
又封装了一个异步打开网页的类和函数
1 #coding=utf-8
2
3 import threading
4 from cStringIO import StringIO
5
6 import pycurl
7 """
8 Asyn open url
9 Author:[email protected]
10 2008-1-25 17:14
11 """
12
13 class UrlOpen(threading.Thread):
14 """异步下载网页"""
15
16 def __init__(self,):
17 super(UrlOpen,self).__init__()
18 self.opener = pycurl.CurlMulti()
19 self.handle_list=[]
20 self.waiting=[]
21
22 def add(self,url,recall,catch=None,writer=StringIO()):
23 """
24 参数:网址,回调函数,存放临时数据的对象
25 """
26 if catch is None:
27 def catch(curl,error_no,desp):
28 #print "Error:%s - %s"%(error_no,desp)
29 pass
30
31 c = pycurl.Curl()
32
33 #可以传给回调函数
34 c.url=url
35 c.content = writer
36 c.recall = recall
37 c.catch=catch
38 c.setopt(c.URL,
39 url.encode('utf-8') if type(url) is unicode else url
40 )
41 c.setopt(c.WRITEFUNCTION,c.content.write)
42
43 self.waiting.append(c)
44
45 def _add(self):
46 waiting=self.waiting[:]
47 self.waiting=[]
48 for c in waiting:
49 self.handle_list.append(c)
50 self.opener.add_handle(c)
51
52 def _remove(self,c):
53 c.close()
54 self.opener.remove_handle(c)
55 self.handle_list.remove(c)
56
57
58 def run(self):
59 import select
60 import time
61 num_handle=0
62 while 1:
63 if self.handle_list:
64 ret = self.opener.select(1.0)
65 if ret >= 0:
66 while 1:
67 num_handle_pre=num_handle
68 ret, num_handle =self.opener.perform()
69 #活动的连接数改变时
70 if num_handle!=num_handle_pre:
71 result=self.opener.info_read()
72 for i in result[1]:
73 #成功
74 i.http_code = i.getinfo(i.HTTP_CODE)
75 self._remove(i)
76 i.recall(i)
77 for i in result[2]:
78 #失败,应该记录一下,或回调失败函数
79 #i为(<pycurl.Curl object at 0x00C04C80>, 6, 'Could not resolve host: www.msn.com (Domain name not found)')
80 i[0].catch(*i)
81 self._remove(i[0])
82 if ret != pycurl.E_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM:
83 break
84 else:
85 time.sleep(1)
86 self._add()
87
88 _opener=None
89 def urlopen(*arg,**key):
90 global _opener
91 if _opener is None:
92 _opener=UrlOpen()
93 _opener.start()
94 _opener.add(*arg,**key)
95
96 if __name__=="__main__":
97 def show(x):
98 print x.content.getvalue()
99 print '--'*11
100 urlopen("http://www.baidu.com/",show)
101 urlopen("http://www.google.com/",show)
102 urlopen("http://www.sougou.com/",show)
103 urlopen("http://www.yodao.com/",show)
104 urlopen("http://www.yahoo.com/",show)
105 urlopen("http://www.msn.com/",show)
106 _opener.join()
1.1. 相关文献
PycURL简单学习 http://blog.donews.com/limodou/archive/2005/11/28/641257.aspx
python中的pycurl模块学习 https://forum.eviloctal.com/read.php?tid=27337