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含有章节索引的中文 文章模板
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::-- ehu4ever [<<DateTime(2005-08-08T02:28:39Z)>>]
<<TableOfContents>>
= 用PyGTK说“Hello” =
现在我们要写的这个程序会有一个按钮。这是PyGTK版本的“Hello World”。
{{{#!python
#!/usr/bin/env python

# example helloworld.py

import pygtk
pygtk.require('2.0')
import gtk

class HelloWorld:

    # This is a callback function. The data arguments are ignored
    # in this example. More on callbacks below.
    def hello(self, widget, data=None):
        print "Hello World"

    def delete_event(self, widget, event, data=None):
        # If you return FALSE in the "delete_event" signal handler,
        # GTK will emit the "destroy" signal. Returning TRUE means
        # you don't want the window to be destroyed.
        # This is useful for popping up 'are you sure you want to quit?'
        # type dialogs.
        print "delete event occurred"

        # Change FALSE to TRUE and the main window will not be destroyed
        # with a "delete_event".
        return False

    def destroy(self, widget, data=None):
        print "destroy signal occurred"
        gtk.main_quit()

    def __init__(self):
        # create a new window
        self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
    
        # When the window is given the "delete_event" signal (this is given
        # by the window manager, usually by the "close" option, or on the
        # titlebar), we ask it to call the delete_event () function
        # as defined above. The data passed to the callback
        # function is NULL and is ignored in the callback function.
        self.window.connect("delete_event", self.delete_event)
    
        # Here we connect the "destroy" event to a signal handler.  
        # This event occurs when we call gtk_widget_destroy() on the window,
        # or if we return FALSE in the "delete_event" callback.
        self.window.connect("destroy", self.destroy)
    
        # Sets the border width of the window.
        self.window.set_border_width(10)
    
        # Creates a new button with the label "Hello World".
        self.button = gtk.Button("Hello World")
    
        # When the button receives the "clicked" signal, it will call the
        # function hello() passing it None as its argument.  The hello()
        # function is defined above.
        self.button.connect("clicked", self.hello, None)
    
        # This will cause the window to be destroyed by calling
        # gtk_widget_destroy(window) when "clicked".  Again, the destroy
        # signal could come from here, or the window manager.
        self.button.connect_object("clicked", gtk.Widget.destroy, self.window)
    
        # This packs the button into the window (a GTK container).
        self.window.add(self.button)
    
        # The final step is to display this newly created widget.
        self.button.show()
    
        # and the window
        self.window.show()

    def main(self):
        # All PyGTK applications must have a gtk.main(). Control ends here
        # and waits for an event to occur (like a key press or mouse event).
        gtk.main()

# If the program is run directly or passed as an argument to the python
# interpreter then create a HelloWorld instance and show it
if __name__ == "__main__":
    hello = HelloWorld()
    hello.main()
}}}
下图是这个程序创建的窗口

||Figure 2.2. Hello World Example Program||
||{{attachment:helloworld.png}}||

在PyGTK的世界里，各种变量、函数的命名都有这样一个模式：gtk.*。
比如在上面这个程序中就有这些例子：


在之后的章节中可能不会显式地用出gtk这个前缀，但是它是默认的（不用担心）。上面的这个示例程序则使用了这个前缀。