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FreeBSD Samba安装Howto

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什么是Samba???

Samba ── 一个可以运行在多种Unix/类Unix系统中的软件，它向Windows客户提供文件和打印服务,就像Windows中的网上邻居一般。 Samba的主页是http://www.samba.org ， 中国镜像是:http://samba.te8.com ( http://samba.te8.com/samba/samba.html )。

Samba最新的发行版本

最新 Samba 3.0 版本: Samba 3.0.5

最新 Samba 2.2 版本: Samba 2.2.10

下载地址/如何下载(得到)Samba

下载 Samba 3.0 版: 在 Shell 提示符下输入 ( "#" 表示 Shell 提示符 )

#fetch http://samba.te8.com/samba/ftp/samba-3.0.5.tar.gz

下载 Samba 2.2 版: 在 Shell 提示符下输入 ( "#" 表示 Shell 提示符 )

#fetch http://samba.te8.com/samba/ftp/old-versions/samba-2.2.10.tar.gz

本文以 Samba 2.2.10 为例,讲解:如何安装/配置/使用 Samba .

大致了解 Samba 的组成

Samba 的组成部分有：

smbd：这就是 Samba 的 SMB 服务器，它使用 SMB 协议与客户连接，完成用户认证、权限管理和文件共享等任务；

nmbd：提供 NetBIOS 名字解析服务的守护进程，可以帮助客户定位服务器和域，如同 Windows NT 上的 WINS 服务器；

smb.conf：是 Samba 的配置文件，在 FreeBSD 中它被放在 /usr/local/samba/lib 目录中。

swat：是一个 Samba 专用的 WWW 服务器，用于通过客户浏览器配置 Samba，提供了对 Samba 的图形配置界面；

smbclient：是一个简单的 SMB 客户程序，用于访问其他 SMB 计算机共享的文件或打印资源，例如 Windows95 或NT 计算机，它的操作和 ftp 类似。

smbprint：一个 Shell 脚本，它使用 smbclient 向 Windows 计算机上共享出的打印机上发送要打印的文档。

nmblookup：用于查询 NetBIOS 名字的命令行工具。

安装 Samba

按照 [下载地址/如何下载(得到)Samba] 的方法得到 Samba 后,就可以开始安装 Samba 了! ( 假设你把下载得到的 Samba 放在 /soft/samba 里 )

在 Shell 提示符下输入 ( "#" 表示 Shell 提示符 )

#cd /soft/samba
#tar xzvf samba-2.2.10.tar.gz
#cd samba-2.2.10/source
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local
#make
#make install

我就是这样简单地进行了安装,不一会儿,Samba 就安装好了!

配置 Samba

安装好了的 Samba ,其最主要的配置文件是 smb.conf ,上面介绍过,它被放在 /usr/local/samba/lib 里. 我们现在就要对它进行编辑.在 Shell 提示符下输入 ( "#" 表示 Shell 提示符 ):

#cd /usr/local/samba/lib
#ee smb.conf

当然,你也可以自己新建一个你自己的smb.conf.在 Shell 提示符下输入 ( "#" 表示 Shell 提示符 ):

#cd /usr/local/samba/lib
#mv smb.conf smb.conf.old
#touch smb.conf
#ee smb.conf

反正,随你个人喜好.

配置 smb.conf

我把我的 smb.conf 附上,作为参考,我在里面加了注释,你看看就会配置了!!! Smb.conf 也有自己的英文注释,如果你的E文好,不妨直接看原注!

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
# many!) most of which are not shown in this example
#
# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #
# for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
# may wish to enable
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
# to check that you have not many any basic syntactic errors.
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================
[global] # 注释:这一部分是配置Samba服务的全局设置,有许多选项只能在这一节中定义,这些选项控制着Samba的整体。
 

##
## Basic Server Settings  # 英文: 基本服务器设置
##

        # workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: REDHAT4
        workgroup = MSHOME  # 注释:告诉Samba它的Windows工作组的名称,用您工作组的相应名称来替代YOURWORKGROUP。 


        # server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
        server string = Samba Server   # 注释:服务器描述
        netbios name = samba   # 注释:服务器名字
        # This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict
        # connections to machines which are on your local network. The
        # following example restricts access to two C class networks and
        # the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see
        # the smb.conf man page
        ; hosts allow = 127. 192.168.0. 192.168.1. 192.168.2.0./24 192.168.3.0/255.255.255.0 127.0.0.1   # 注释:允许访问的IP

        # Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd
        # otherwise the user "nobody" is used
        ; guest account = pcguest

        # this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
        # that connects
        log file = /usr/local/samba/var/log.%m   # 注释:记录文件存放目录

        # How much information do you want to see in the logs?
        # default is only to log critical messages
        ; log level = 1

        # Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
        max log size = 500

        # Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See
        # security_level.txt for details.
        security = share

        # Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
        # on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
        # of the machine that is connecting.
        # Note: Consider carefully the location in the configuration file of
        #       this line.  The included file is read at that point.
        ;   include = /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf.%m

        # Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
        # See speed.txt and the manual pages for details
        # You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
        #         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
        ; socket options = TCP_NODELAY

        # Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
        # If you have multiple network interfaces and want to limit smbd will
        # use, list the ones desired here.  Otherwise smbd & nmbd will bind to all
        # active interfaces on the system.  See the man page for details.
        ;   interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24

        # Should smbd report that it has MS-DFS Capabilities? Only available
        # if --with-msdfs was passed to ./configure
        ; host msdfs = yes

##
## Network Browsing
##
        # set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
        # browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
        ; local master = no

        # OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
        # elections. The default value (20) should be reasonable
        ; os level = 20

        # Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
        # allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
        # if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
        ; domain master = yes

        # Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
        # and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
        ; preferred master = yes


##
## WINS & Name Resolution  # 注释:
##
        # Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
        # WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
        ; wins support = yes

        # WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
        #       Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
        ; wins server = w.x.y.z

        # WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
        # behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
        # at least one  WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
        ; wins proxy = yes

        # DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
        # via DNS nslookups.
        dns proxy = no


##
## Passwords & Authentication
##
        # Use password server option only with security = server
        # The argument list may include:
        #   password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
        # or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
        ;   password server = *
        ;   password server = <NT-Server-Name>

        # You may wish to use password encryption. Please read
        # ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation.
        # Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents
        encrypt passwords = yes

        # Should smbd obey the session and account lines in /etc/pam.d/samba ?
        # only available if --with-pam was used at compile time
        ; obey pam restrictions = yes

        # When using encrypted passwords, Samba can synchronize the local
        # UNIX password as well.  You will also need the "passwd chat" parameters
        ; unix password sync = yes

        # how should smbd talk to the local system when changing a UNIX
        # password?  See smb.conf(5) for details
        ; passwd chat = <custom chat string>

        # This is only available if you compiled Samba to include --with-pam
        # Use PAM for changing the password
        ; pam password change = yes

##
## Domain Control
##
        # Enable this if you want Samba act as a domain controller.
        # make sure you have read the Samba-PDC-HOWTO included in the documentation
        # before enabling this parameter
        ;   domain logons = yes

        # if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or
        # per user logon script
        # run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)
        ; logon script = %m.bat
        # run a specific logon batch file per username
        ; logon script = %U.bat

        # Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT)
        #        %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username
        #        You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below
        ; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U

        # UNC path specifying the network location of the user's home directory
        # only used when acting as a DC for WinNT/2k/XP.  Ignored by Win9x clients
        ; logon home = \\%L\%U

        # What drive should the "logon home" be mounted at upon login ?
        # only used when acting as a DC for WinNT/2k/XP.  Ignored by Win9x clients
        ; logon drive = H:

##
## Printing
##

        # If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
        # than setting them up individually then you'll need this
        load printers = yes

        # you may wish to override the location of the printcap file
        printcap name = /etc/printcap

        # on SystemV system setting printcap name to lpstat should allow
        # you to automatically obtain a printer list from the SystemV spool
        # system
        ; printcap name = lpstat

        # It should not be necessary to specify the print system type unless
        # it is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:
        # bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx
        ; printing = bsd

        # Enable this to make Samba 2.2 behavior just like Samba 2.0
        # not recommended nuless you are sure of what you are doing
        ; disable spoolss = yes

        # list of users and groups which should be able to remotely manage
        # printer drivers installed on the server
        ; printer admin = root, +ntadmin


##
## Winbind
##

        # specify the uid range which can be used by winbindd
        # to allocate uids for Windows users as necessary
        ; winbind uid = 10000-65000

        # specify the uid range which can be used by winbindd
        # to allocate uids for Windows users as necessary
        ; winbind gid = 10000-65000

        # Define a home directory to be given to passwd(5) style entries
        # generated by libnss_winbind.so.  You can use variables here
        ; winbind template homedir = /home/%D/%U

        # Specify a shell for all winbind user entries return by the
        # libnss_winbind.so library.
        ; winbind template shell = /bin/sh

        # What character should be used to separate the DOMAIN and Username
        # for a Windows user.  The default is DOMAIN\user, but many people
        # prefer DOMAIN+user
        ; winbind separator = +


#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
[homes]   # 注释: /home 目录设置
     comment = Home Directories   # 注释:描述
     browseable = no     # 注释:可以浏览?(在"网上邻居"中可以看见?) [yes/no]
     writable = yes      # 注释:可以写入? [yes/no]
     valid users = %S    # 注释:可以访问的用户 %S:当前登录的用户.
     create mode = 0664
     directory = 0775

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon]
;    comment = Network Logon Service
;    path = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon
;    guest ok = yes
;    writable = no
;    share modes = no


# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;[Profiles]
;    path = /usr/local/samba/profiles
;    browseable = no
;    guest ok = yes


# NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to
# specifically define each individual printer
[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   path = /usr/spool/samba
   browseable = no
   # Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print
   guest ok = no
   writable = no
   printable = yes

# This one is useful for people to share files
[tmp]
   comment = Temporary file space
   path = /tmp
   read only = no
   public = yes
   browseable = yes
   writeable = yes

# MS-DFS support is only available if Samba was compiled to
# include --with-msdfs
;[dfsroot]
;   dfs root = yes


# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
[public]
   comment = Public Stuff
   path = /public
   browseable = yes
   read only = no
   public = yes
   writable = yes
   printable = no
;  write list = @staff


##
## Other examples.
##

# A private printer, usable only by fred. Spool data will be placed in fred's
# home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory,
# wherever it is.
#[fredsprn]
#   comment = Fred's Printer
#   valid users = fred
#   path = /homes/fred
#   printer = freds_printer
#   public = no
#   writable = no
#   printable = yes

# A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write
# access to the directory.
#[fredsdir]
#   comment = Fred's Service
#   path = /usr/somewhere/private
#   valid users = fred
#   public = no
#   writable = yes
#   printable = no

# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects
# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could
# also use the %U option to tailor it by user name.
# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.
#[pchome]
#  comment = PC Directories
#  path = /usr/pc/%m
#  public = no
#  writable = yes

# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files
# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so
# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this
# directory must be writable by the default user. Another user could of course
# be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead.
#[public]
#   path = /usr/somewhere/else/public
#   public = yes
#   only guest = yes
#   writable = yes
#   printable = no

# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
#[myshare]
#   comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff
#   path = /usr/somewhere/shared
#   valid users = mary fred
#   public = no
#   writable = yes
#   printable = no
#   create mask = 0765

启动 Samba

配置完成后,你可以像这样启动 Samba & Nmbd

#/usr/local/samba/bin/smbd -D
#/usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd -D

好了,还不快试试!!!