（首页）开始编程之旅 翻译自Lee Harr的Start Programming

本文是使用pygsear+pygame作为开发环境，以初级用户角度来分步分阶段学习PYTHON基本概念，并以小游戏开发项目为具体案例，介绍的十分详细。编写风格清新朴实，没有象一般教科书那样枯燥，极其适合初级用户来激发兴趣时使用。

1. StartProgramming-2-1 引入Import

At the top of most Python programs, you will see import statements like this:

在大部分的Python程序的开头，你都会看到 import 语句：

   1 import random
   2 import os.path
   3 from math import sqrt
   4 from penguin import *

The import statement lets you quickly and easily load in python modules.

import 语句可以使我们快速并且简单在python中的加载组件.

Modules are useful code that is already written -- either code which someone else wrote or your own code. Before starting any programming project, it is a good idea to look around and see if there is already a module which will do what you need.

组件是已经写过的有用的代码 -- 在别人写的代码和你的代码之间。在开始一个编程项目之前，看一看有没有你需要用的已经写过的组件是一个不错的主意。

Why would you want to import a module?

你为什么想要导入一个组件？

If you need to make your game behave randomly, you might want to choose from different attack strategies:

如果你想要你的游戏表现的很随机，你可能想要选择不同的攻击策略：

   1 import random
   2 strategies = ['aggressive', 'cautious', 'defensive']
   3 strategy = random.choice(strategies)

Or, if your game needs to know the size of a file:

或者，假如你的游戏需要知道文件的大小：

   1 import os.path
   2 os.path.getsize('.')

Or, if you need to know the distance between two objects:

或者，假如你想要知道两个物体之间的距离：

   1 from math import sqrt
   2 x0, y0 = (150, 75)
   3 x1, y1 = (275, 300)
   4 distance = sqrt((x0 - x1)**2 + (y0 - y1)**2)

This distance formula (the Pythagorean Theorem) is so useful that it is included in the math module:

这个距离运算（毕达格拉斯定理）是如此的有用，所以它已经被收录到 math 组件当中了：

   1 import math
   2 distance2 = math.hypot((x0 - x1), (y0 - y1))

You can see the values, and check if they are the same:

你能够看到变量的值，并且检查它们是否相等：

   1 print distance, distance2, distance == distance2

Or, if you just want to use the penguin graphics module:

或者，假如你正想使用企鹅绘图组件：

   1 from penguin import *
   2 pete.star()