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<<TableOfContents>>
= 描述 =

Credit: Luther Blissett



== 问题 Problem ==
您希望创建一个在顶部有菜单的窗口。 

== 解决 Solution ==
使用 Tkinter 的Menu widget:
{{{
#!python
import sys
from Tkinter import *

root = Tk(  )

# Insert a menu bar on the main window
menubar = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menubar)

# Create a menu button labeled "File" that brings up a menu
filemenu = Menu(menubar)
menubar.add_cascade(label='File', menu=filemenu)

# Create entries in the "File" menu
# simulated command functions that we want to invoke from our menus
def doPrint(  ): print 'doPrint'
def doSave(  ): print 'doSave'
filemenu.add_command(label='Print', command=doPrint)
filemenu.add_command(label='Save', command=doSave)
filemenu.add_separator(  )
filemenu.add_command(label='Quit', command=sys.exit)

root.mainloop(  )

}}}
== 讨论 Discussion ==

Tkinter 程序中的菜单完全由 Menu widget 来控制。就像在处方中的例子，Menu 同时用来创建顶层菜单（使用 menu 作为配置设定给窗口添加的顶层菜单）和层叠菜单（由 add_cascade 方法添加到菜单栏或者其他菜单上）。 

菜单有很多入口。 当用户选中时，层叠菜单的入口弹出由 add_cascade 创建的子菜单。 命令入口调用由 add_command 指定的函数。 或者是由 add_separator 创建的分割条把其他入口分开。 

A checkbutton entry is added with add_checkbutton and has an associated Tkinter IntVar, with an on value and an off value. If the associated variable has the on value, the entry displays a check besides its value; if it has the off value, it doesn't. When the user selects the entry, this toggles the state of the variable: 
{{{
#!python
vdebug = IntVar(  )
filemenu.add_checkbutton(label='Debug', var=vdebug)
}}}
You can access the value of vdebug by calling vdebug.get and set it to any integer value n by calling vdebug.set(n). A checkbutton entry can also optionally have a command to call a function when the user selects it. 

A group of radiobutton entries is associated with a single IntVar instance. Only one radiobutton associated with that variable can be on at any time. Selecting a radiobutton gives the variable the value associated with it: 
{{{
#!python
vlevel = IntVar(  )
filemenu.add_radiobutton(label='Level 1', var=vlevel, value=1)
filemenu.add_radiobutton(label='Level 2', var=vlevel, value=2)
filemenu.add_radiobutton(label='Level 3', var=vlevel, value=3)
}}}
A radiobutton entry can also optionally have a command to call a function when the user selects it. 


== 参考 See Also ==
Information about Tkinter can be obtained from a variety of sources, such as Pythonware's An Introduction to Tkinter, by Fredrik Lundh ([[http://www.pythonware.com/library]]), New Mexico Tech's Tkinter reference ([[http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/lang/python/docs.html]]), and various books.