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'''
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-- 61.182.251.99 [<<DateTime(2004-09-23T21:33:17Z)>>]
<<TableOfContents>>
= 描述 =

Reading INI Configuration Files

读取INI配置文件

Credit: Dirk Holtwick



== 问题 Problem ==

You want to load a configuration file for your program, but you don't want to use a Python module for this purpose, as that might expose you to security risks or troublesome syntax and other errors in the module. 

程序需要读取配置文件。 不想用一个可能带有安全漏洞、有复杂格式或者这样那样错误的(自己开发的)模块实现此配置功能。 

== 解决 Solution ==

The standard ConfigParser library module gives us almost all we need to use INI files for configuration: 

标准库模块'''ConfigParser'''几乎提供了解析INI配置文件所需的一切：
{{{
#!python  

import ConfigParser
import string

_ConfigDefault = {
    "database.dbms":            "mysql",
    "database.name":            "",
    "database.user":            "root",
    "database.password":        "",
    "database.host":            "127.0.0.1"
    }

def LoadConfig(file, config={}):
    """
    returns a dictionary with keys of the form
    <section>.<option> and the corresponding values
    """
    #返回一个字典,格式如下: key:     <section>.option>
    #                   value :  对应的值 
       


    config = config.copy(  )
    cp = ConfigParser.ConfigParser(  )
    cp.read(file)
    for sec in cp.sections(  ):
        name = string.lower(sec)
        for opt in cp.options(sec):
            config[name + "." + string.lower(opt)] = string.strip(
                cp.get(sec, opt))
    return config

if _ _name_ _=="_ _main_ _":
    print LoadConfig("some.ini", _ConfigDefault)
}}}

== 讨论 Discussion ==

Many people use Python modules as configuration files, but this may allow your program to be manipulated or let a syntax error come into that file. To use INI-style configuration files, which are known from Windows (but can also be used under Unix-like systems, since they're just text files with some structure), try the small script here. 

很多程序员使用Python模块作为配置文件, 但这样使得程序易被他人利用，或者在文件中引入语法错误。使用由Windows引入的(同样适用于类Unix平台--文件本身只是具有特定结构的文本文件)INI配置文件，可以使用上面的小脚本。 

The code in the recipe is just for reading configuration files, but writing them is also easy to implement. 

上面代码只是读取配置文件，写入配置文件也很容易实现。  

An INI file looks like this:  

一个INI文件看起来像这样：

{{{
[database]
user = dummy
password = tosca123
}}}

You can set the defaults in advance. Note that the keys of the dictionary are always lowercase. 

可以预先设定缺省值。注意字典的键值都是小写的。 

== 参考 See Also ==

Documentation for the ConfigParser module in the Library Reference. 

Python文档库参考 ConfigParser模块部分。