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PCS304 Web应用框架纵览

为啥介多框架?!

还有人站着说话不腰痛的分析"[http://xlp223.yculblog.com/post.1634226.html 为何有如此多的python web 框架?]" {{{脚注: 访问地址:http://xlp223.yculblog.com/post.1634226.html 精巧地址:http://tinyurl.com/6yajuo }}}

{{{脚注: 访问地址:http://bitworking.org/news/Why_so_many_Python_web_frameworks 精巧地址:http://tinyurl.com/6kv9j3 }}}

{{{注意: 在上述文章中,作者为了展示任何人可以通过Python快速创建自个儿的Web应用框架, 当场使用 9个文件创建并运行了一个含有足够功能的框架! 详细请参看本章最后的小结部分 }}}

Joe Gregorio的超级框架

组成

  1. model.py ~ 数据库设计模板脚本

       1 from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, String
   2 import dbconfig
   3 
   4 entry_table = Table('entry', dbconfig.metadata,
   5              Column('id', String(100), primary_key=True),
   6              Column('title', String(100)),
   7              Column('content', String(30000)),
   8              Column('updated', String(20), index=True)
   9          )

  2. dbconfig.py ~ 数据库连接配置脚本

       1 from sqlalchemy import *
   2 metadata = BoundMetaData('sqlite:///tutorial.db')

  3. manage.py ~ 服务管理脚本

       1 import os, sys
   2 
   3 def create():
   4     from sqlalchemy import Table
   5     import model
   6     for (name, table) in vars(model).iteritems():
   7         if isinstance(table, Table):
   8             table.create()
   9 
  10 def run():
  11     '''使用WSGI模式启动服务
  12     '''
  13     import urls
  14     if os.environ.get("REQUEST_METHOD", ""):
  15         from wsgiref.handlers import BaseCGIHandler
  16         BaseCGIHandler(sys.stdin, sys.stdout, sys.stderr, os.environ).run(urls.urls)
  17     else:
  18         from wsgiref.simple_server import WSGIServer, WSGIRequestHandler
  19         httpd = WSGIServer(('', 8080), WSGIRequestHandler)
  20         httpd.set_app(urls.urls)
  21         print "Serving HTTP on %s port %s ..." % httpd.socket.getsockname()
  22         httpd.serve_forever()
  23 
  24 if __name__ == "__main__":
  25    if 'create' in sys.argv:
  26         create()
  27    if 'run' in sys.argv:
  28         run()

  4. main.cgi ~ 服务器运行脚本

    import manage
manage.run()

  5. urls.py ~ 基于URL的对象选择器

       1 import selector
   2 import view
   3 
   4 urls = selector.Selector()
   5 urls.add('/blog/', GET=view.list)
   6 urls.add('/blog/{id}/', GET=view.member_get)
   7 urls.add('/blog/;create_form', POST=view.create, GET=view.list)
   8 urls.add('/blog/{id}/;edit_form', GET=view.member_get, POST=view.member_update)

  6. view.py ~ 基于WSGI应用的多个视图

       1 import robaccia
   2 import model
   3 
   4 def list(environ, start_response):
   5     rows = model.entry_table.select().execute()
   6     return robaccia.render(start_response, 'list.html', locals())
   7 
   8 def member_get(environ, start_response):
   9     id = environ['selector.vars']['id']
  10     row = model.entry_table.select(model.entry_table.c.id==id).execute().fetchone()
  11     return robaccia.render(start_response, 'entry.html', locals())
  12 
  13 def create(environ, start_response):
  14     pass
  15 def create_form(environ, start_response):
  16     pass
  17 def member_edit_form(environ, start_response):
  18     pass
  19 def member_update(environ, start_response):
  20     pass

  7. robaccia.py ~ 模板处置脚本

       1 import kid
   2 import os
   3 
   4 extensions = {
   5     'html': 'text/html',
   6     'atom': 'application/atom+xml'
   7 }
   8 
   9 def render(start_response, template_file, vars):
  10     ext = template_file.rsplit(".")
  11     contenttype = "text/html"
  12     if len(ext) > 1 and (ext[1] in extensions):
  13         contenttype = extensions[ext[1]]
  14 
  15     template = kid.Template(file=os.path.join('templates', template_file), **vars)
  16     body = template.serialize(encoding='utf-8')
  17 
  18     start_response("200 OK", [('Content-Type', contenttype)])
  19     return [body]

  8. list.html ~ 页面应用模板

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<html xmlns:py="http://purl.org/kid/ns#>">
<head>
 <title>A Robaccia Blog</title> 
 </head>
<div py:for="row in rows.fetchall()">
<h2>${row.title}</h2>
<div>${row.content}</div>
<p><a href="./${row.id}/">${row.updated}</a></p>
</div>
</html>
使用

  1. 创建数据库

    ~$ python manage.py create

  2. 初始化数据

    ~$ python
Python 2.4.3 (#2, Apr 27 2006, 14:43:58)
[GCC 4.0.3 (Ubuntu 4.0.3-1ubuntu5)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import model
>>> i = model.entry_table.insert()
>>> i.execute(id='first-post', title="Some Title", content="Some pithy text...",  
   updated="2006-09-01T01:00:00Z")

>>> i.execute(id='second-post', title="Moving On", content="Some not so pithy words...",  
   updated="2006-09-01T01:01:00Z")

  3. 独立运行

    ~$ python manage.py run
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8080 ...

  4. 通过 cgi 在各种Web服务器中运行

    import manage
manage.run()
能力

现状

由来

探讨

Eurasia3 前面已经

支持 Mako 的 <%def name=""> <%call expr=""> <% python code %> ${...} 

from template import compile, Template

s = '''\
<%def name="test2(a, b)">
 ${caller.test3()} or ${context.get('test3', None)()}

 %if a:
  ${a}
 %elif b:
  ${b}
 %else:
  <%write('hello')%>
 %endif

 %for i in xrange(100):
  ${str(i)}
 %endfor
</%def>

<%def name="test(c, d)">
 <%call expr="test2(1, 2)">
  <%def name="test3()">
   <%
    x = 1
   %>
   hello world! in test3
  </%def>
 </%call>
</%def>
'''

print compile(s)

m = Template(s)
print m.test('aaa', 'bbb')

shelve2 已经在实用了。这个模板会被用在建立 Eurasia3 项目主站上

导读

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创建 by -- ZoomQuiet [DateTime(2008-11-13T07:00:02Z)]

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