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||status|| 草稿 ||清风; 100%|| ||status|| 草稿 ||清风 & liz; 100%||
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== enumerate == ##startInc
= 内建函式(enumerate) =
== 概述 ==
Python除了语言简洁,容易上手等优点,还有一个重要的优点,就是存在大量的内置函数,方便编程.这个章节将介绍这些常用函数,让我们更好的了解Python的诱人之处.
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由于Python没有像 == 使用 ==
=== enumerate ===
enumerate是python 2.3中新增的内置函数,它的英文说明为:
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for(int i=0;i<10;i++) enumerate(iterable)
    Return an enumerate object. iterable must be a sequence, an iterator, or some other object which supports iteration. The next() method of the iterator returned by enumerate() returns a tuple containing a count (from zero) and the corresponding value obtained from iterating over iterable. enumerate() is useful for obtaining an indexed series: (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), .... New in version 2.3.
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这样的循环方式,所以我们要拿到循环的索引就需要用到enumerate:
它特别适合用于一个for循环时,当我们同时需要计数和元素时可以使用这个函数.
比如,有一个字符串数组,需要一行一行打印出来,同时每行前面加上计数,从1开始:
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}}} }}}输出结果为:
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0,"a"
1,"b"
2,"c"
0,a
1,b
2,c
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== 练习 == === map ===
函数说明:map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list,两个参数一个是函数名,另一个是列表或元组,返回一个列表.
比如,将数组中每一个数乘以2:
{{{#!python
print "map(lambda x:x*2,[1,2,3,4,5]) -> ",map(lambda x:x*2,[1,2,3,4,5])
}}}输出结果为:
{{{
map(lambda x:x*2,[1,2,3,4,5]) -> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
}}}
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  === zip ===
函数说明:zip(seq1 [, seq2 [...]]) -> [(seq1[0], seq2[0] ...), (...)],可以同时循环两个一样长的数组,返回一个包含每个参数元组对应元素的元组.各参数元组长度最好一致,若不一致,采取截断使得返回的结果元组的长度为各参数元组长度最小的.
比如:
{{{#!python
print "zip([1,2,3],[4,5,6]):"
for x,y in zip([1,2,3],[4,5,6]):
    print "x,y",x,y
}}}输出结果为:
{{{
zip([1,2,3],[4,5,6]):
x,y 1 4
x,y 2 5
x,y 3 6
}}}
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-- 清风 [[DateTime(2008-04-25T14:33:00Z)]] === filter ===
函数说明: filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string,包括两个参数,分别是function和list。该函数根据function参数返回的结果是否为真来过滤list参数中的项,最后返回一个新列表.
比如,过滤掉数组中小于3的数:
{{{#!python
print "filter(lambda x:x>3,[1,2,3,4,5]) -> ",filter(lambda x:x>3,[1,2,3,4,5])
}}}输出结果为:
{{{
filter(lambda x:x>3,[1,2,3,4,5]) -> [4, 5]
}}}
##endInc

status

草稿

清风 & liz; 100%

TableOfContents

内建函式(enumerate)

概述

Python除了语言简洁,容易上手等优点,还有一个重要的优点,就是存在大量的内置函数,方便编程.这个章节将介绍这些常用函数,让我们更好的了解Python的诱人之处.

使用

enumerate

enumerate是python 2.3中新增的内置函数,它的英文说明为:

enumerate(iterable)
    Return an enumerate object. iterable must be a sequence, an iterator, or some other object which supports iteration. The next() method of the iterator returned by enumerate() returns a tuple containing a count (from zero) and the corresponding value obtained from iterating over iterable. enumerate() is useful for obtaining an indexed series: (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), .... New in version 2.3. 

它特别适合用于一个for循环时,当我们同时需要计数和元素时可以使用这个函数. 比如,有一个字符串数组,需要一行一行打印出来,同时每行前面加上计数,从1开始:

   1 mylist=["a","b","c"]
   2 for index,obj in enumerate(mylist):
   3     print index,obj

输出结果为:

0,a
1,b
2,c

map

函数说明:map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list,两个参数一个是函数名,另一个是列表或元组,返回一个列表. 比如,将数组中每一个数乘以2:

   1 print "map(lambda x:x*2,[1,2,3,4,5]) -> ",map(lambda x:x*2,[1,2,3,4,5])

输出结果为:

map(lambda x:x*2,[1,2,3,4,5]) ->  [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

zip

函数说明:zip(seq1 [, seq2 [...]]) -> [(seq1[0], seq2[0] ...), (...)],可以同时循环两个一样长的数组,返回一个包含每个参数元组对应元素的元组.各参数元组长度最好一致,若不一致,采取截断使得返回的结果元组的长度为各参数元组长度最小的. 比如:

   1 print "zip([1,2,3],[4,5,6]):"
   2 for x,y in zip([1,2,3],[4,5,6]):
   3     print "x,y",x,y

输出结果为:

zip([1,2,3],[4,5,6]):
x,y 1 4
x,y 2 5
x,y 3 6

filter

函数说明: filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string,包括两个参数,分别是function和list。该函数根据function参数返回的结果是否为真来过滤list参数中的项,最后返回一个新列表. 比如,过滤掉数组中小于3的数:

   1 print "filter(lambda x:x>3,[1,2,3,4,5]) -> ",filter(lambda x:x>3,[1,2,3,4,5])

输出结果为:

filter(lambda x:x>3,[1,2,3,4,5]) ->  [4, 5]

ObpLovelyPython/PCS205 (last edited 2009-12-25 07:15:54 by localhost)